2015年成考专升本英语词汇与语法：动词6
七、虚拟语气
虚拟语气主要表示假想虚拟的情况以及主观愿望、建议、命令等。
(一)虚拟语气的基本用法
1.在含if引导的条件句的复合句中
如果假设的情况不可能发生或发生的可能性不大，则主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气在不同语态中的表现形式如下：
1)一般现在时
从句：过去式(be 动词多用were)
主句：would / could / might +动词原形
如：I would certainly go if I had time.
If it weren't raining, we wouldn't stay at home.
2)一般过去时
从句：had +过去分词
主句：would / could / might + have 过去分词
如：She would have come if she hadn't been so busy.
You wouldn't have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.
3)一般将来时
从句：过去时，或were to / should +动词原形
主句：would / should +动词原形
如：If I were to (should) do it, I would do it in a different way.
We wouldn't lose courage if we should (were to) fail again.
有时从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，谓语形式要根据具体的时间来调整。
If you had followed the doctor's advice, you wouldn't be in hospital now.
If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.
有时候假设的情况通过介词短语、上下文等来表示，这时句子仍然要用虚拟语气。
But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have attended the meeting.
I would have written before, but I have been ill.
She would have cried, but that he would laugh.(But that : 要不是)
条件从句中如果含有助动词be, have, should, 可以将if省略，把这些词放到主语的前面。
Had we made preparations, we might have succeeded.
Should there be a storm, what should we do?
Had they time, they would certainly come and help her.
2.在as if, as though引导的从句中
as if, as though引导的从句，如果表示的情况与现实不符，从句需用虚拟语气。表示现在的情况，谓语常用过去式，表示过去的情况，谓语常用"had +过去分词"。如：
I remember the whole thing as if (as though) it happened (were) yesterday.
He spoke to me as if I were deaf.
It seems as if it was summer today.
It seemed as if winter had come
3.在wish后面的宾语从句中
从句如果表示的是现在的情况，谓语一般用过去式，如果表示的是过去的情况，谓语用"had +过去分词"。如：
I wish I were as strong as you.
Many children wish they could see the Monkey King.
He wishes he had studied economy instead of mathematics when he was at college.
4.在It is time (that) 后面的从句中
从句的谓语常用过去式。如：
It is time we made a decision.我们该做决定了。
It is about time you went to school.你早该睡觉了。
It is hight time that he prepared for the coming examination.他早该为考试做准备了。
5.在suggest, propose, advise, recommend, order, demand, request, desire, insist (坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句，suggestion, proposal, advice, order等后面的表语和同位语从句，以及It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed / ordered 等后面的主语从句中，从句的谓语要用"should +动词原形"(should可以省略)。如：
I suggest we set off at once.(set off 出发)
My suggestion is that we (should) tell her.
Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
The doctor insists that he give up smoking.
She desires that her husband do it.
It is desired that he should get everything ready by tomorrow.
What do you think of his proposal that a committee be set up to look into the matter?
It was ordered that they leave the city within three days.
6.在It is necessary, It is important, It is essential, It is strange 等后面的主语从句中，谓语用"should + 动词原形"(should可以省略)。如：
It is necessary that every student recite these new words.
It is important that a scientist (should) keep up with the latest development in his field.(keep up with 跟上、赶上)
It is strange that she (should ) have failed in the exam.
7.以lest(以免), for fear that(以免) 和in case(以免)引起的从句(谓语多用should加动词原形构成)
He took his umbrella lest it should rain.
He put his coat over his son for fear that (lest) he should catch cold.
Bring some money in case you should need it.
(一)虚拟语气的基本用法
1.要掌握虚拟语气if条件从句和主句分别的结构。
2.特殊情况。
1. He went on foot, but he _______ by bus.
A. might gone B. should gone
C. should have gone D. ought have gone
答案 C
2. You shouldn't have run across the road without looking round, you ______ by a car.
A. might be knocked down B. might have been knocked down
C. might knock down D. might be knocking down
答案 B
3. Why is the rubbish still here? It ought to _______ yesterday.
A. be thrown away B. have thrown away
C. have been thrown away D. throw away
答案 C
4. If you had taken my advice, none of this ________.
A. would happen B. had happened
C. would have happened D. has happened
答案 C
5. Everything _______ if Albert hadn't called the fire department immediately after the fire broke out.
A. would destroy B. would be destroyed
C. would have destroyed D. would have been destroyed
broke out(break out) 爆发
答案 D
6. It's high time ________ about the traffic problem.
A. something was done B. everything is done
C. anything will be done D. nothing to be done
答案 A
7. It is necessary that we ________ have a good command of English at college.
A. must B. have to C. should D. ought to
答案 C
8. I _______ worry too much if I were you.
A. oughtn't B. mustn't C. needn't D. wouldn't
答案 D
9. If we _______ sooner, we might have got there.
A. started B. had started C. would have started D. start
答案 B
10. "The taxi only took ten minutes to get to the hotel."
"______ you were coming today, I'd have met you at the airport."
A. Have I known B. I have known C. Had I known D. I had known
答案 C
